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ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ
ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻴﻁﻠﺒـﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﻴـﺩ ﻤﻨـﻪ.
ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل؛ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴـﺩ ﻟﻠﺒﺤـﺙ،
ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﺍﻟﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻟـﺴﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴـﺩ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﻴﺤـﺭﻙ
ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ.
ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ :ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ،ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ،ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻤـﺎ ﻴـﻀﻴﻑ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ
ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ.
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ) (1ﺃﻭ ﻫـﻭ
ﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ( ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻟﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻕ) (2ﻓﻬﻭ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺫﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ؛ ﺃﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍ ﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﺒﻊ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤـﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻔـﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺔ .ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴـﺎ ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ
ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ،ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ.
(1) Longdon Morris(2006): Permanent Innovation, Ackoff Center, University
of Pennsylvania.
(2) H.W.Chesbrough (2003): Open Innovation, Harvard Business School
Press, Boston, pix.
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