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‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻁﻭﻴل ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺒﺱ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻑ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻨﻥ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻭﺍﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨـﻪ ﻤﻭﺠـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺱ )ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ .(1‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ ﺃﻋﻘﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﻤـﻊ ﺍﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻨـﺴﺎﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻴـﻭﻡ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔـﻲ ﺍﻟﺒـﺩﺀ ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻤﻨﺘـﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘـﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻭﻴـﺔ‬

                                                             ‫)‪ (Cellular Wave‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻟﻙ‪.‬‬

                 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ :(1‬ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬

                          ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬            ‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
                          ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
                                   ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
                                   ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬            ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ‬           ‫ﺍﻟﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬

        ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
        ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﺌﻲ‬

        ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺮك اﻟﺒﺨﺎري ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻟﺴﻠﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺮاث اﻟﺼﻴﺪ‬        ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
                                                                  ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺭﻭﺓ‬
                                   ‫ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬

        ‫‪Source:B.H.Boar(1996): Strategic Thinking for Information Technology,‬‬
              ‫‪John Wiley and Sons, Inc, N.Y, p5.‬‬

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