Page 6 - ibtekar

‫ﻟﻘﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻤﻭﺭﻴﺱ )‪ (Morris‬ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻺﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻻﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺭﺘﻴﻥ)‪:(1‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (1980 – 1920‬ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺠﻭﻨﺯ ﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ )‪ (100‬ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ )‪ (1000‬ﻨﻘﻁﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟـﺴﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ )ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﻨﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻵﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﺯﻭﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺩ( ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪95‬‬

‫– ‪ (٪ 98‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺼﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺠﻭﻨﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺜﻤﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﺯﺩﺍﺩﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠـﺫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ ‪.(2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ :(2‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺩﺍﻭﺠﻭﻨﺯ ﻟﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻼﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬

‫‪Source: L.Morris (2006): Permanent Innovation, Ackoff Center,‬‬
‫‪University of Pennsylvania, pp8-12.‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺃﻗل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻷﻜﺜـﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺅﺍل ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭل؟ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﺏ ﺒﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻟـﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺃﻗل ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻔﻜـﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﺼـﻭل ﺍﻟﻼﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴـﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻘــﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﻤﺜــل ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌــﺩ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓــﺔ )‪ (ROK‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺌــﺩ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜــﺎﺭ‬

‫‪6‬‬