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‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟـﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺒﺼﺭ ﻴﻭﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻟﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪Derek Torrington and Jane Wieghman (1985): The Business of Management,‬‬
‫‪Prentice Hall International Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, p337.‬‬

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